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This paper introduces a formal, compositional framework for the task-driven co-design of heterogeneous multi-robot systems, enabling joint optimization of robot design, fleet composition, and planning. The framework leverages a monotone co-design theory and abstracts robots, fleets, planners, executors, and evaluators as interconnected design problems. Case studies demonstrate the framework's ability to uncover non-obvious design alternatives with optimality guarantees while seamlessly incorporating new robot types, task profiles, and probabilistic sensing objectives.
Optimality guarantees are now possible when jointly optimizing robot design, fleet composition, and task planning for heterogeneous multi-robot systems.
Designing multi-agent robotic systems requires reasoning across tightly coupled decisions spanning heterogeneous domains, including robot design, fleet composition, and planning. Much effort has been devoted to isolated improvements in these domains, whereas system-level co-design considering trade-offs and task requirements remains underexplored. In this work, we present a formal and compositional framework for the task-driven co-design of heterogeneous multi-robot systems. Building on a monotone co-design theory, we introduce general abstractions of robots, fleets, planners, executors, and evaluators as interconnected design problems with well-defined interfaces that are agnostic to both implementations and tasks. This structure enables efficient joint optimization of robot design, fleet composition, and planning under task-specific performance constraints. A series of case studies demonstrates the capabilities of the framework. Various component models can be seamlessly incorporated, including new robot types, task profiles, and probabilistic sensing objectives, while non-obvious design alternatives are systematically uncovered with optimality guarantees. The results highlight the flexibility, scalability, and interpretability of the proposed approach, and illustrate how formal co-design enables principled reasoning about complex heterogeneous multi-robot systems.
