Jing Wang

Central Media Technology Institute, Huawei {xihsheng, shiqwang}@cityu.edu.hk, lingyzhu-c@my.cityu.edu.hk, zhangtianyu@mail.ustc.edu.cn, dongeliu@ustc.edu.cn, wangjing215@huawei.com Corresponding author Abstract Diffusion-based generative image compression has demonstrated remarkable potential for achieving realistic reconstruction at ultra-low bitrates. The key to unlocking this potential lies in making the entire compression process content-adaptive, ensuring that the encoder’s representation and the decoder’s generative prior are dynamically aligned with the semantic and structural characteristics of the input image. However, existing methods suffer from three critical limitations that prevent effective content adaptation. First, isotropic quantization applies a uniform quantization step, failing to adapt to the spatially varying complexity of image content and creating a misalignment with the diffusion model’s noise-dependent prior. Second, the information concentration bottleneck—arising from the dimensional mismatch between the high-dimensional noisy latent and the diffusion decoder’s fixed input—prevents the model from adaptively preserving essential semantic information in the primary channels. Third, existing textual conditioning strategies either need significant textual bitrate overhead or rely on generic, content-agnostic textual prompts, thereby failing to provide adaptive semantic guidance efficiently. To overcome these limitations, we propose a content-adaptive diffusion-based image codec (CADC) with three technical innovations: 1) an Uncertainty-Guided Adaptive Quantization (UGAQ) method that learns spatial uncertainty maps to adaptively align quantization distortion with content characteristics; 2) an Auxiliary Decoder-Guided Information Concentration (ADGIC) method that uses a lightweight auxiliary decoder to enforce content-aware information preservation in the primary latent channels; and 3) a Bitrate-Free Adaptive Textual Conditioning (BFATC) method that derives content-aware textual descriptions from the auxiliary reconstructed image, enabling semantic guidance without bitrate cost. Comprehensive experimental results show that our codec achieves state-of-the-art perceptual quality at ultra-low bitrates. Figure 1: A qualitative comparison between our codec, StableCodec [65], and DLF [59] when compressing a