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Decoy Direction Optimization (DDO), a fast, post-hoc weight-editing defense that requires no base-model finetuning, is introduced, based on a simple mechanistic insight: ablation attacks rely on contrastive estimators to find the refusal direction.
This work formalizes poison selection as oracle-budgeted set optimization and introduces SAILS (Set-level Audit-Informed Iterative Learned Selection), which learns a set scorer from a few hundred finetune-and-evaluate runs, ranks millions of candidate sets, and audits only a small shortlist.
