Johann Laux

This paper argues that reactive oversight must be complemented by an anticipatory mode: oversight exercised before the agent acts, by specifying the normative agenda that structures the space of permissible action and refining it iteratively through specification, runtime, and inspection.

The crucial difference between "Human-in-the-Loop" and "Human-on-the-Loop" isn't *where* the human is, but *how* their involvement causally shapes the AI's decisions.