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This paper introduces 2L-LSH, a novel two-step locality-sensitive hashing algorithm for accelerating nearest neighbor searches in large-scale 3D point cloud models. The first step divides the point cloud's bounding box, while the second constructs a generalized table-based data structure for efficient indexing. Experiments demonstrate that 2L-LSH significantly outperforms Kd-tree and Octree methods in both kNN and range neighbor (RN) search speed, achieving up to 94% and 54% reduction in search time, respectively.
Achieve up to 94% faster nearest neighbor search in 3D point clouds by swapping Kd-trees and Octrees for a novel two-step hashing approach.
The development of 3D scanning technology has enabled the acquisition of massive point cloud models with diverse structures and large scales, thereby presenting significant challenges in point cloud processing. Fast neighboring points search is one of the most common problems, which is frequently used in model reconstruction, classification, retrieval and feature visualization. Hash function is well known for its high-speed and accurate performance in searching high-dimensional data, which is also the core of the proposed 2L-LSH. Specifically, the 2L-LSH algorithm adopts a two-step hash function strategy, in which the popular step divides the bounding box of the point cloud model and the second step constructs a generalized table-based data structure. The proposed 2L-LSH offers a highly efficient and accurate solution for fast neighboring points search in large-scale 3D point cloud models, making it a promising technique for various applications in the field. The proposed algorithm is compared with the well-known methods including Kd-tree and Octree; the obtained results demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms Kd-tree and Octree in terms of speed, i.e. the time consumption of kNN search can be 51.111% and 94.159% lower than Kd-tree and Octree, respectively. And the RN search time can be 54.519% and 41.840% lower than Kd-tree and Octree, respectively.