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FlexSpIM, a digital CIM architecture supporting arbitrary operand resolution and shape within a unified storage for weights and neuron states, is introduced, enabling a layer-level hybrid weight- and output-stationary dataflow, maximizing operand reuse and reducing costly on- and off-chip data movement during SNN execution.
Compute-in-memory (CIM) accelerators for spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising solution for achieving $\mu$s-level inference latency and ultra-low energy in edge vision applications. However, their limited flexibility at both circuit and system levels restricts their deployment across diverse workloads. This work introduces FlexSpIM, a digital CIM architecture supporting arbitrary operand resolution and shape within a unified storage for weights and neuron states (i.e., membrane potentials). These circuit-level capabilities enable a layer-level hybrid weight- and output-stationary dataflow, maximizing operand reuse and reducing costly on- and off-chip data movement during SNN execution. Measurement results from a fabricated FlexSpIM prototype in 40-nm CMOS demonstrate competitive 1-bit-normalized energy efficiency and higher throughput compared with prior fixed-precision digital CIM-based SNN accelerators, while providing bitwise resolution reconfiguration. Evaluated on the IBM DVS gesture dataset, FlexSpIM achieves 95.8% accuracy while enabling up to 45% energy and 52% latency reductions in large-scale systems compared with fixed stationarity approaches.
