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This paper explores observer/controller architectures for agent-based Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES) to enhance robustness through controlled self-organization. It addresses the challenge of implementing such architectures under real-world constraints like privacy, regulations, and data exchange limitations. The paper evaluates different observer/controller architecture variants and their impact on system robustness, highlighting the necessity of considering these architectures in the design of agent-based energy systems.
Securing energy grids against cyberattacks may hinge on clever observer/controller architectures that respect data privacy and regulatory constraints.
Applying the concept of controlled self-organization in agent-based Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES) is a promising approach to ensure system robustness. By introducing an observer/controller architecture to the system, this concept allows for self-organization while still enabling intervention when disturbances occur. Thus, it is possible to respond to effects of cyber attacks, a major threat to current energy systems. However, when implementing an observer to monitor the system and a controller to execute actions for controlled self-organization in CPES, it is essential to take into account restrictions on information and actions resulting from the privacy of local distributed energy resources, regulatory constraints, and data exchange requirements. For this reason, this paper presents architecture variants for the observer and controller that take into account restrictions on access to information and limited actions. In addition, it evaluates possible controller actions in various architectures. The results underscore the importance of considering observer/controller architectures when designing agent-based systems to ensure their robustness for real-world applications.
