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This paper presents a laboratory study analyzing the performance impact of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms on stateful HTTP over TLS 1.3 transactions, examining the TCP handshake, TLS handshake, and HTTP application layer. The authors emulate a real-world setup with a load balancer and backend server, testing traditional, hybrid PQC, and pure PQC key exchange groups at up to 100 transactions per second. Their statistical analysis reveals the specific performance impact of each algorithm at each layer of the HTTP-over-TLS transaction.
Quantifying the overhead of post-quantum cryptography reveals exactly where the performance bottlenecks lie in real-world TLS 1.3 transactions.
In this paper, we present a laboratory study focused on the impact of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms on multiple layers of stateful HTTP over TLS transactions: the TCP handshake, the intermediate TCP-TLS layer, the TLS handshake, the intermediate TLS layer, and the HTTP application layer. To this end, we propose a laboratory architecture that emulates a real-world setup in which a load test of up to 100 transactions per second is sent to a load balancer, which in turn forwards them to a backend server that returns the responses. Each set of tests is executed using the TLS 1.3 key exchange groups as follows: traditional (or non-PQC), hybrid PQC and pure PQC. Each set of tests also varied the backend response size. Across more than thirty experiments, we performed data reduction and statistical analysis for each layer, to determine the specific impact of each algorithm (PQC and traditional) at every stage of the HTTP-over-TLS transaction.
