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This paper introduces RotDroid, a novel testing framework designed to identify non-crashing functional failures in Android applications caused by screen rotation. By generating and mutating State-Preserving action Sequences (SPS) to create semantically equivalent GUI states across orientations, RotDroid leverages a fine-tuned vision-language model, RotVL, for effective equivalence checking. Experimental results reveal that RotDroid not only surpasses existing methods in detecting rotation-induced bugs but also uncovers 94 previously unknown issues in real-world applications, with nearly half confirmed or fixed by developers.
RotDroid uncovers 94 previously unknown GUI rotation bugs in Android apps, highlighting a critical gap in current testing methodologies.
Screen rotation is a fundamental interaction in Android applications, but it often introduces non-crashing functional failures (NCFs), such as layout inconsistencies and state loss, which are difficult to detect automatically. A key challenge is the lack of effective test oracles for checking cross-orientation state equivalence between portrait and landscape views. We propose RotDroid, a testing framework for detecting GUI rotation bugs via cross-orientation state equivalence. RotDroid generates and mutates State-Preserving action Sequences (SPS) to construct semantically equivalent GUI states across orientations. To support reliable oracle checking, we build RotBench, a dataset of paired portrait-landscape GUI states, and develop RotVL, a vision-language model fine-tuned for equivalence checking. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets show that RotVL outperforms state-of-the-art models, and RotDroid detects more rotation-induced failures than existing techniques under equal budgets. In large-scale studies on open- and closed-source apps, RotDroid reports 94 previously unknown bugs, with 47 confirmed or fixed by developers, demonstrating its practical effectiveness.
