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This paper explores the application of sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to study solid-liquid interfaces, particularly focusing on mineral-water interactions. By leveraging a non-linear optical process, the authors demonstrate that SFG can selectively measure vibrational modes of interfacial species, providing insights into molecular-level phenomena at these interfaces. The findings reveal how the probing depth of SFG is influenced by experimental configurations and the intrinsic properties of the materials, enhancing our understanding of aqueous mineral interfaces under ambient conditions.
SFG spectroscopy reveals molecular-level insights into solid-liquid interfaces, uncovering how probing depth varies with experimental setup and surface properties.
Sum frequency generation spectroscopy can be utilized to address the challenge of studying solid-liquid interfaces under ambient pressure and with macroscopic amounts of liquid, while still retrieving molecular level information. By utilizing a non-linear optical process, this method allows to selectively measure vibrations of interfacial species. Within this chapter sum frequency generation spectroscopy is first briefly introduced and then comprehensively evaluated as an investigative tool for solid-liquid interfaces, with mineral-water interfaces as model system. Additionally, it is explained how the actual probing depth of this method depends on both the experimental setup and the properties of the investigated system, such as surface charges.
