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This paper introduces a knowledge-data dually driven paradigm for landslide susceptibility prediction that combines geomorphic prior knowledge with limited landslide data to overcome data scarcity issues. The approach leverages geomorphic priors to compensate for the lack of extensive landslide inventories, enabling accurate prediction even with limited data. Experiments in both data-rich (Italy) and data-scarce (Tibetan Plateau) regions demonstrate that the proposed paradigm achieves comparable or reliable predictive accuracy compared to conventional data-driven methods that require substantial datasets.
Accurate landslide prediction is possible with sparse data by injecting geomorphic priors, unlocking geohazard risk assessment in data-scarce mountainous regions.
Landslide susceptibility prediction is critical for geohazard risk assessment and mitigation. Conventional data-driven paradigm achieves high predictive accuracy but require sufficient conditioning factors and large-scale landslide inventories. However, in practical engineering applications across mountainous and plateau regions, data-scarce conditions are commonly observed, where such data requirements are rarely satisfied, rendering conventional data-driven paradigm inapplicable. To address this issue, we propose a knowledge-data dually driven paradigm for accurate landslide susceptibility prediction under data-scarce conditions. The essential idea behind the proposed novel paradigm is the integration of the geomorphic prior knowledge with scarce landslide data. To validate the proposed paradigm, we first applied it to a data-rich region in central Italy, where a conventional data-driven paradigm trained on the full dataset served as the baseline. By utilizing only 30% of the available landslide data, the proposed paradigm achieved comparable predictive accuracy to the baseline, demonstrating its effectiveness under data-scarce conditions. The paradigm was further evaluated in a genuinely data-scarce environment for application, the Qilian Permafrost Region of the Tibetan Plateau, where it also yielded reliable susceptibility predictions, confirming its applicability under data-scarce conditions.
