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This paper empirically validates the VEINS simulator, a widely used framework for designing and evaluating vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems, against real-world data from the MASA living lab. The study compares Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), number of messages, and signal attenuation between VEINS simulations and real-world measurements. Results show that VEINS overestimates RSSI and loses approximately 18% of messages compared to the real-world data, highlighting discrepancies between simulation and reality.
VEINS, a popular simulator for vehicle-to-everything communication systems, systematically overestimates signal strength and misses a significant number of messages compared to real-world measurements.
Safety applications in vehicle-to-everything communications and Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems rely on reliable and timely message exchange, which in turn depends on accurate modeling of wireless signal propagation. Simulation frameworks such as VEINS are widely adopted to design and evaluate such systems before deployment; however, their realism strongly depends on the validity of the underlying channel and antenna models. This work presents an empirical validation of the VEINS simulator against real-world data collected from the MASA living laboratory. Using the default configuration, we compare Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), number of messages, and attenuation of the signal. The results show that VEINS systematically overestimates the RSSI value, while losing approximately 18% of the total number of messages received compared to the MASA, revealing inconsistencies between simulation and reality. The contribution of this study is a direct comparison between simulated and real world data, establishing a quantitative basis for future calibration of VEINS parameters to improve the fidelity of VANET simulations in C-ITS safety research.
