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Climate change poses profound threats to ocean and coastal systems through rising sea levels, ocean warming, acidification, and increased frequency of extreme weather events. These impacts undermine ecosystem stability, coastal livelihoods, and global food security. Marine greens-encompassing seagrasses, macroalgae (seaweeds), and microalgae-have emerged as vital components of ocean-based climate adaptation and resilience-building strategies. Beyond their recognized role in carbon sequestration, marine greens provide critical ecosystem services that enhance ecological resilience, protect coastlines, and support socioeconomic adaptation. This review examines the role of marine greens in climate adaptation and resilience building, focusing on their ecological functions, mechanisms of resilience enhancement, and applications in coastal protection, food systems, and community livelihoods. The paper also discusses environmental, economic, and social benefits, alongside scientific, technical, and governance challenges. Case studies from different regions illustrate practical applications and lessons learned. The review concludes by highlighting future research directions and policy pathways necessary to integrate marine greens into comprehensive ocean-based climate adaptation frameworks. Harnessing the full potential of marine greens offers a nature-based, cost-effective, and multifunctional approach to building resilient coastal and marine systems in a changing climate.
