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This study explores the barriers and enablers of online instruction in Philippine hospitality education through a sequential exploratory design, using thematic analysis of teacher interviews to identify key themes. The study found that pedagogical challenges, such as teaching hands-on skills and maintaining student engagement, are the most significant concerns. The research also highlighted the importance of institutional support and responsible AI integration, while also identifying technological barriers.
Hospitality educators in the Philippines are struggling more with adapting pedagogy for online learning than with technology access itself.
This study examined the barriers and enablers of online instruction in hospitality education. A sequential exploratory design was implemented with hospitality teachers from both public and private higher educational institutions in the Philippines. Thematic analysis of interviews identified four key themes: technological barriers, pedagogical challenges, institutional and personal support, and integration of artificial intelligence (AI). These themes were transformed into survey constructs and tested for reliability. Pedagogical challenges, including difficulties in teaching hands-on subjects and sustaining student engagement, emerged as the most critical concerns. Technological barriers such as unstable internet and limited devices were moderately rated, while institutional and personal support received mixed evaluations. Teachers viewed AI integration as helpful but also expressed caution and emphasized the need for training. Reliability analysis showed acceptable to good internal consistency across constructs. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening pedagogical training, providing clear institutional support, and fostering responsible competence in AI use. Future studies should validate these results with larger and more diverse samples.
