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This paper introduces Procedura, a novel framework for 3D modeling that leverages the coding capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to generate procedural assemblies from text prompts. By structuring 3D objects as parametric programs with machine-checkable components, Procedura significantly enhances the precision of mesh geometry, allowing for sharp edges and editable part structures. Evaluated against state-of-the-art 3D generators on P3D-Bench and MechBench-36, Procedura demonstrates superior quality and structural integrity in its outputs, marking a substantial advancement in 3D modeling techniques.
Procedura achieves the sharpest edges and the most editable 3D models yet, transforming how we generate and interact with 3D geometry.
Native 3D generators now recover impressive mesh geometry from a single image. However, a dense mesh stays soft where a machined object should be sharp, it carries no part decomposition, and it exposes no parameter a user could edit. To address this, we explore the paradigm of 3D shape as code, leveraging and scaling the coding ability of an LLM for 3D modeling. We introduce Procedura, a novel 3D modeling agent framework that writes an object as a procedural assembly, a parametric program whose named parts are joined by typed, machine-checkable mates. From a text prompt, the agent plans the object as an assembly graph and writes the program part by part, solving each placement from the mated frames rather than guessing it, and admitting a part only once compile, mate, and connectivity checks pass. A decoupled vision critic then refines the assembly one diagnosed fix at a time. Moreover, the same graph carries per-part materials and a simulator-validated articulation. We evaluate on P3D-Bench under its assembly judge, and with the same judge on MechBench-36, our hard-surface benchmark. On both, Procedura outperforms state-of-the-art native 3D generators and every prior 3D-code agent on judged quality, produces the sharpest edges of any method we evaluate, and is the only one whose output is an editable, part-structured program.
