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This paper investigates the generation and control of steady-state entanglement in open quantum systems using phase-sensitive reservoirs. They employ a covariance-matrix approach to model Gaussian-preserving dynamics, demonstrating that local, phase-sensitive dissipation, when combined with coherent coupling, can induce entanglement. The study reveals that the phase reference of the squeezed reservoir critically governs the entanglement structure and its robustness against thermal noise.
Entanglement in open quantum systems can be dialed up or down simply by tweaking the phase of a local "squeezed" reservoir.
We show that steady-state entanglement in open quantum systems is controlled by the phase reference of a phase-sensitive reservoir. Using a covariance-matrix approach for Gaussian-preserving dynamics, we demonstrate that purely local, phase-sensitive dissipation can generate entanglement when combined with coherent coupling. The steady state exhibits a finite entangled region with an optimal squeezing strength that maximizes both the magnitude and thermal robustness of entanglement. We find that coherent coupling does not enhance entanglement monotonically, but instead regulates the conversion of local squeezing into nonlocal correlations. Importantly, the coupling dependence is controlled by the phase reference of the squeezed reservoir: phase-locked (rotating-frame) and laboratory-frame implementations yield qualitatively distinct steady states and entanglement structure. These results establish phase-sensitive reservoir engineering as a controllable route to steady-state entanglement in continuous-variable systems. Steady-state entanglement in phase-sensitive open systems depends explicitly on the reservoir phase reference and is not invariant under changes of that reference.}
