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This work develops a macroscopic electrodynamic framework that disentangles magnetodipole (MD) and electrodipole (ED) contributions to magneto-optical effects in bismuth-substituted iron garnets. It reveals a spectral crossover in the MIR-NIR where MD and ED contributions equalize, contradicting assumptions of uniform magnetic contribution decay. The study further demonstrates that interfacial phase shifts invert the spectral hierarchy of transmission versus reflection geometries and establishes the s-polarized transverse Kerr effect as a pure MD probe.
A spectral crossover exists where magnetodipole and electrodipole contributions to magneto-optics precisely balance, overturning assumptions about magnetic effects vanishing in the infrared.
This work presents a comprehensive macroscopic electrodynamic framework isolating the magnetodipole (MD) and electrodipole (ED) contributions to the magneto-optical effects in bismuth-substituted iron garnet. By rigorously incorporating the dispersive magnetic permeability tensor, the dominance of the MD mechanism in the terahertz (THz) gap is demonstrated. In the mid-infrared (MIR) to near-infrared (NIR) domain, a fundamental spectral crossover is revealed where the magnitudes of the MD and ED contributions exactly equalize, invalidating the widespread assumption that magnetic contributions vanish uniformly at infrared frequencies. Furthermore, it is shown that interfacial phase shifts uniquely dictate how these competing mechanisms project onto observable rotation and ellipticity, yielding an inverted spectral hierarchy between transmission (Faraday) and reflection (polar and longitudinal Kerr) geometries. Most notably, the transverse Kerr effect for s-polarized light is established to be exclusively driven by the off-diagonal magnetic permeability. While strictly zero under the conventional ED approximation, the s-polarized transverse Kerr effect emerges as a robust, free of the gyroelectric contribution probe of MD activity in the THz and MIR--NIR regimes, yielding a THz response two orders of magnitude larger than its p-polarized counterpart.