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This paper introduces a multiparametric, time-resolved analytical framework that decomposes electrode-level electrophysiological responses into excited, inhibited, and unchanged states over successive temporal segments. By moving beyond static aggregate measures, this approach reveals subtle and transient network state transitions induced by interventions like pharmacological and optogenetic stimulation. The framework successfully identified responses to low-dose 4-AP that were missed by conventional methods, underscoring the importance of temporal resolution and compositional analysis for understanding in vitro neuronal network dynamics.
Conventional electrophysiology misses subtle neuronal network responses; this new framework uncovers transient, electrode-level state changes previously undetectable.
Electrophysiological recordings provide powerful tools for characterizing the dynamics of neuronal networks. In vitro neuronal cultures offer a controlled setting for investigating network responses to diverse interventions, including pharmacological and optogenetic stimulation. However, conventional analyses often reduce electrophysiological activity to aggregate measures calculated over fixed temporal windows, providing only a static representation of the network state. Here, we introduce a comprehensive, multiparametric analytical framework designed to characterize both the temporal evolution of network activity and the transitional states induced by external interventions. The framework combines multiple network discriminators with a compositional analysis that resolves electrode-level responses into excited, inhibited, and unchanged states over successive temporal segments. We apply the framework to electrophysiological recordings obtained under pharmacological interventions with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), optogenetic stimulation, and additional benchmark conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed analysis can reveal subtle and transient responses that may be difficult to detect using conventional aggregate measures, including responses to low-dose pharmacological interventions. These findings highlight the value of temporally resolved and compositional analyses for characterizing heterogeneous neuronal network responses in vitro.