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This paper introduces a novel framework for achieving demographic parity (DP) in regression by focusing on the tails of the target distribution across sensitive groups, rather than the entire distribution. The approach leverages optimal transport theory to enforce fairness constraints only in targeted regions, allowing for more nuanced interventions and improved predictive accuracy. Experiments and theoretical analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, providing risk bounds and fairness guarantees.
Achieve fairness without sacrificing accuracy: target demographic parity interventions to the tails of the outcome distribution, where they matter most.
Demographic parity (DP) is a widely studied fairness criterion in regression, enforcing independence between the predictions and sensitive attributes. However, constraining the entire distribution can degrade predictive accuracy and may be unnecessary for many applications, where fairness concerns are localized to specific regions of the distribution. To overcome this issue, we propose a new framework for regression under DP that focuses on the tails of target distribution across sensitive groups. Our methodology builds on optimal transport theory. By enforcing fairness constraints only over targeted regions of the distribution, our approach enables more nuanced and context-sensitive interventions. Leveraging recent advances, we develop an interpretable and flexible algorithm that leverages the geometric structure of optimal transport. We provide theoretical guarantees, including risk bounds and fairness properties, and validate the method through experiments in regression settings.