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Background:Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder with significant extraintestinal manifestations, including neuropsychiatric symptoms. Depression and anxiety are among the most frequently reported and may substantially affect quality of life. Aim:This review aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adults and children with CD and to assess the influence of adherence to a GFD on psychiatric outcomes. Material and Methods:A structured narrative review with meta-analytical synthesis was conducted using studies identified through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Observational studies, clinical cohorts, and existing meta-analyses were included. Findings were integrated narratively, considering age, disease status, and dietary adherence. Results:Depressive symptoms were consistently more prevalent in individuals with CD, particularly in untreated or newly diagnosed patients. Partial improvement was observed following initiation of a gluten-free diet although symptoms often persisted. Findings regarding anxiety were heterogeneous. Psychiatric outcomes were influenced by disease activity, age, nutritional status, and psychosocial factors. Conclusions:Depression and anxiety are clinically relevant but often underrecognized components of CD. A GFD may alleviate psychological distress but does not fully eliminate psychiatric morbidity, supporting the need for routine mental health screening and multidisciplinary care.