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The paper introduces QDBFT, a quantum-secured dynamic consensus algorithm designed to address the vulnerabilities of traditional PBFT in the face of quantum computing and dynamic node reconfigurations. QDBFT incorporates a primary node automatic rotation mechanism based on a consistent hash ring for dynamic membership and integrates Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) networks for information-theoretic security. Experimental results show QDBFT achieves comparable performance to PBFT while providing resilience against quantum attacks.
Quantum Key Distribution can be integrated into PBFT consensus to defend against Shor's algorithm without sacrificing performance.
The security foundation of blockchain system relies primarily on classical cryptographic methods and consensus algorithms. However, the advent of quantum computing poses a significant threat to conventional public-key cryptosystems based on computational hardness assumptions. In particular, Shor's algorithm can efficiently solve discrete logarithm and integer factorization problems in polynomial time, thereby undermining the immutability and security guarantees of existing systems. Moreover, current Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) protocols, widely adopted in consortium blockchains, suffer from high communication overhead and limited efficiency when coping with dynamic node reconfigurations, while offering no intrinsic protection against quantum adversaries. To address these challenges, we propose QDBFT, a quantum-secured dynamic consensus algorithm, with two main contributions: first,we design a primary node automatic rotation mechanism based on a consistent hash ring to enable consensus under dynamic membership changes, ensuring equitable authority distribution; second, we integrate Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) networks to provide message authentication for inter-node communication, thereby achieving information-theoretic security in the consensus process. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that QDBFT achieves performance comparable to traditional PBFT while delivering strong resilience against quantum attacks, making it a promising solution for future quantum-secure decentralized infrastructures.