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While there is growing interest in the relationship between social media (SM) use and psychosocial well-being, little is known about this relationship in neurodivergent people. We undertook a systematic review to synthesize findings from studies exploring links between social (dis)connectedness and SM use in Autistic people and/or people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with the aim of exploring commonalities and differences in their experiences. We conducted systematic searches of four databases, retaining reports if they included SM-related measures and measures of social connectedness and/or disconnectedness in Autistic and/or ADHD populations. Two of us independently screened, coded, and assessed all records for methodological quality, with another of us screening just under 15% of records. Our search yielded findings from 21 reports based on data from 18 studies. A narrative synthesis we undertook suggested that SM may be linked to greater social connectedness for Autistic people and greater social disconnectedness for those with ADHD. The literature was characterized by a predominance of cross-sectional research and the quality assessment highlighted measurement issues. Our findings suggest that SM may differentially support and hinder social connectedness for Autistic and ADHD SM user groups, respectively, although we discuss potential challenges to this conclusion, including potential biases in the way studies are framed and key constructs are operationalized across the different literatures. Our review highlights the need for further longitudinal and experimental research to establish underlying directions of causality and the robustness of our findings.