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Chemotherapy-related adverse effects and prolonged treatment may compromise adherence. Digital interventions may support medication-taking, symptom monitoring, and communication with health professionals. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of digital interventions on adherence among patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy or other anticancer therapy. Five databases—Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ProQuest—were searched, with the last search reported as February 2024. Full-text original articles in English were considered, the review was reported according to PRISMA, and methodological quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). The search identified 456 records. Interventions included mobile/smartphone applications, web-based platforms, SMS or advanced messaging, telehealth/videoconferencing, smart pill-bottle reminders, and mobile games. Most included studies reported improved adherence or related outcomes, although some did not show significant between-group differences. Digital interventions therefore appear promising for supporting treatment adherence and patient engagement. However, heterogeneity in study design, treatment type, and adherence measurement limits the strength and generalizability of the conclusions.