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How does temporarily activating an interdependent (vs. independent) self-construal shape costly decisions to benefit others? Using a within-culture, between-participants priming experiment, cognitive computational modeling, and event-related potentials (ERP), we examined the pathway from situationally activated self-construal to prosocial risky behavior (PRB). Interdependent (vs. independent) priming promoted PRB through heightened internalized reputation concern. Computationally, this was accompanied by lower sensitivity to self-gain and higher sensitivity to joint-gain, patterns consistent with reduced loss aversion and heightened guilt aversion, respectively. Neurally, interdependent priming was associated with a distinct ERP profile: smaller N1, larger N2, and smaller P3, compatible with attenuated early attentional capture, heightened conflict during value revaluation, and diminished cognitive effort during choice execution. These findings suggest that situationally activated self-construal can temporarily recalibrate decision weights and their neural correlates, offering one plausible pathway through which the self-concept shapes altruistic risk-taking. Because the design held a broader cultural context constant, the results isolate the effect of the primed self-schema and await cross-cultural replication.